Method

Basic Quadrat Sampling

1. Setup

   • Before the practical session, mark a 20m x 20m square on the ground using a trundle wheel and string.

2. Random Coordinate Selection

   • Provide two bags containing numbered cards (e.g., color-coded for clarity).

   • Each group member selects one number from each bag. These numbers represent the coordinates for quadrat placement.

3. Positioning the Quadrat

   • One student walks the first coordinate distance (in meters) along the base of the 20m square and stands there.

   • Another student measures the second coordinate distance up the side of the square and stands at that point.

   • A third student places the quadrat where the two coordinates intersect within the 20m square.

4. Data Collection

   • Count and record the number of individuals of the chosen plant species within the quadrat.

   • Use a light meter to measure and record the light intensity at this spot.

5. Repetition

   • Return the numbered cards to their respective bags.

   • Repeat the process for ten quadrats.

6. Population Size Calculation:

   • Use the following equation to estimate population size:

Transect Line Method

1. Preparation

   • Identify the plant species to study.

   • Stretch a 30m tape measure from the base of a tree to create the transect line.

2. Data Collection Along the Transect

   • Place a quadrat with one corner aligned to the zero mark on the tape measure.

   • Count the number of the chosen plant species within the quadrat and record the data in a table.

   • Measure and record the light intensity at this spot using a light meter.

3. Systematic Sampling

   • Move the quadrat along the tape measure at regular intervals (e.g., every 2m or 5m).

   • Repeat the process, counting the plants and measuring light intensity at each interval, until the entire 30m transect has been surveyed.